/ 1968

CULTURAL ROOTS OF THE SERBIAN TAVERN

The introductory part of this paper examines the psychological and culturological background of catering facilities, aiming to place the original cultural phenomenon marked as the “Serbian tavern“ in a global context. Then, the main body of the paper analyses the origin of certain culture units representing the Serbian tavern as a complex and layered cultural fact, in order to discover its cultural roots. The analysis shows that it is a unique product as a specific combination of West European, oriental and autochthonous cultural elements from the Balkans, East Europe and Serbia. It is an institute of national importance, because of both its role in the national history and the fact that it is a tourist brand. This is why its nurturing, upgrading and tourist valorization need to be well planned.

/ 1968

TAVERN AND THE INTERNET SOCIABILITY: A COMPARISON

Although the tavern as a social institution and the internet as technology do not constitute phenomena of the same kind, comparing them has sociological significance in the context of tavernology. In this paper, such comparison will include comparing the tavern and the internet sociability based on the functions that theorists attach to the one or the other phenomenon. The basic hypothesis is that most functions attributed to the tavern can be applied to the internet and vice versa, which points to the conclusion that what is at the core of the social aspect of the internet use is, in fact, the copying of patterns of sociability from a real into a virtual space. Consequently, the tavern and the internet sociability are not conflicting but complementary concepts. The internet sociability in fact represents “the version 2.0“ of its tavern counterpart, because it is derived from the patterns of social relationships peculiar to the period of modernity which the global social network upgrades, shifts to a virtual space, and at the same time, as each new phenomenon does, creates new controversies and dilemmas.

/ 1968

ROLE OF CAFÉS IN THE LIFE AND CREATIVE WORK OF THE 19TH CENTURY ARTISTS IN FRANCE

The paper studies the role of the café as a specific social institution in the French culture and arts of the 19th century. In discussing the psychological and historical aspects of the café atmosphere and its influence on the appearance of revolutionary movements and new styles, historical data and available paintings have been used. In the psychological sense, cafés had a cathartic function and represented a specific type of protected locations providing support to artists in their expressing new and original ideas. The café was an alternative location for the restrictive and rigid École des Beaux-Arts, which did not accept any deviation from the classical principles of painting. The café is presented in the light of various characters of individual artists and also in the light of their artworks. In addition to the positive social role of the café, the paper also deals with its negative influences such as alcoholism and absinthism, and bases this discussion on the analysis of paintings and several individual artist careers. Particular attention has been paid to the connection between the changes in Van Gogh’s style of painting and the dynamics of his psychological crises. A short presentation is given of the results of an empirical study on the change in Van Gogh’s painting techniques from five distinctive periods, based on the Martindale’s scales of arousal potential and primordial content. Finally, the topic of the café is discussed in the light of psychoanalytic theories of art as sublimation, catharsis and regression in the service of the ego.

/ 1968

THIRD PLACES: GENEALOGY OF А HETEROTOPIA IN CIVIL SOCIETY

The subject of research in this paper is coffee houses as third places. They are approached and defined from the sociological and the genealogical perspective. When observed as a spatialized history of places, genealogy provides an adequate theoretical and methodological framework for this research. The main task of such genealogy is to research the spatialization of a certain type of sociability and social capital in civil society. We have indicated broader social and historical circumstances in the genesis and development of third places as well as their contribution in the processes of developing a new type of sociability and public reasoning. The rise of coffee houses through history is contextualized: within the framework of a new type of critical public as opposed to the representative public; within the process of division between the private and public domain; as a kind of undifferentiated space/discontinuity/heterotopia that, in the social geography of the civil society, stands vis-à-vis the existing social stratums and the future spatial and class division. In conclusion we claim that, although the third places were privileged social spaces, they were not the only or fundamental places important for the genesis of rational discourse. However, third places were of key importance in the processes of forming urban institutes, development of public spaces, public speech, civil liberties and legitimacy of rationality in the societies of Western Europe.

/ 1968

CYRILLIC IN THE CONSTITUTION OF SERBIA: A REVIEW OF MAJOR SOURCES (1974–2014)

In spite of introducing Cyrillic as an official script in the Serbian language, its use shows a declining tendency. A review of relevant legal and language sources show that the question of the status of Cyrillic is one of the manifestations of ideological struggle of two opposed groups: the Euro-regional one whose standpoint arises from the language policy from 1972, the 1974 Constitution and the Opinion given by the Venice Committee, and the other one of a nationalistic/centralistic tone grounded in the comparative law of the EU member states. The balance of power in this struggle is also reflected in the decision of the Constitutional Court, which has imposed its authority in the matters of the Cyrillic script, as paramount language use authority.

/ 1968

PREDICTORS OF INTENTIONS AND BEHAVIOR: CAN MUSEUMS’ FESTIVALS INCREASE THE POPULARITY OF MUSEUMS?

Research results reveal that visiting a museum is one of the least popular leisure activities. However, museums attract many visitors during festivals: there are people who visit museums exclusively during festivals (potential visitors of museums’ regular programs), and those who come to museums both before and during festivals (visitors). This research was conducted during the festival Museums of Serbia ten days from 10am to 10pm (N = 2472). Following the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and previous results on the research of the audience of the Museum Night festival, when it was found that the visitors compared to potential visitors have more positive subjective norms, perceived control, and attitudes toward visiting museums – the first goal of this study was to examine whether those results replicate in the context of new museum festival. The second goal was to examine the possibility of further differentiation of potential visitors: whether attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control predict their intentions to visit museums after the festival. Results showed that visitors had more positive attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control than potential visitors, while regular museum visitors (who visited museums at least ten times during the previous year) had the most positive ones. Additionally, attitudes and perceived control differentiate subcategories of potential visitors with and without intention to visit museums after the festival. The results are discussed within the framework of TPB. In particular, the role that TBP variables have in explaining past behavior has been considered, with respect to identified predictors of the intentions to visit museums after the festival. Applicability of TBP model for the purpose of museum audience development has been discussed, as well as further implications on the concept of potential museum audience in a festival context.

/ 1968

PRAXEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCIENCE AND ART

In considering an extremely complex relationship between science and art, praxeology can provide great assistance. The main task of this science of effective actions, by Kotarbinsky, is to formulate general recommendations, requirements and standards to be followed in every activity that wants to be successful. A work of art is a complex product that has a specific structure, so analysis of its various aspects is required in addition to the methodological basis for both theoretical and empirical research. Further deliberation of history and theory of art will be increasingly subject to external influences which are the product of intense scientific, technical and technological development. Our age is characterized by a wide range of different scientific fields, theories and methods. Hence, our task according to its goal of praxeological study of the relationship between science and art is to use appropriate resources and tools that will be fully functional in solving certain problems.

/ 1968

ON THE PREVAILING COMPREHENSION OF CULTURE IN THE ORGANIZATION THEORY

Elements of the prevailing comprehension of culture in the organization theory have been presented in the paper. This conception has been explained by the features of the organization theory itself – as a scientific discipline and a profession, and more accurately by its dominantly applied character. Economic globalization and internationalization of business operations had been key motives for the development of this discipline over the last decades. The perception of organization as an open system has introduced the concept of culture in theory and in research, enabling the development of actions and practices for creating more effective and efficient organizations (mainly economic). The nonscientific impetus for the development of this discipline has also been the main reason for somewhat simplified and insufficiently deliberated comprehension and research operationalization of the notion of culture in contemporary organization theory.

/ 1968

THE POSSIBILITY OF INCLUDING THE REMAINING WINDMILLS IN THE TOURIST OFFER OF VOJVODINA

At the end of the eighteenth and in the early nineteenth century, Dutch, Hungarian, Slovak and Serbian builders built more than 280 windmills in Vojvodina. As the most advanced facilities for grinding grain, windmills used the drive energy of the northern and the northwestern winds and facilitated the lives of the people of that time. Two centuries later, based on a field research carried out in Vojvodina in the period from 2012 to 2014, it was determined that eleven windmills still physically exist. Despite the fact that most of them are protected by law, these important monuments of folk architecture are in very poor condition and have lost their function. The aim of this paper is to point to the examples of good practice and the inclusion of windmills in the tourist offer of European countries as well as the possibility for the revitalization of the remaining windmills in Vojvodina as important cultural and historical monuments and an integral part of the history, culture and heritage of our country – as a chance to enrich the tourist offer of Vojvodina.

/ 1968

CULTURE OF REMEMBRANCE AND YUGOSLAV ROCK AND ROLL

The paper is dedicated to the culture of remembrance of the Yugoslav rock and roll in Serbia here and now. According to the author, rock and roll represents an important link in the chain of cultural tradition of the Serbian society in the aesthetic and sociological sense. Both rock-n-roll and popular culture in general (including jazz and pop music) have been unjustifiably neglected regardless of the fact that they stand side by side with the folk and rural culture as traditional forms of creation. The current political and cultural elite does not comprehend that the Serbian urban tradition can act as the most important link between Serbia and the globalizing and modernizing world. The culture of remembrance and identities is reserved by this elite primarily for the traditional folklore forms of our cultural heritage, with the reason for this (likely) lying in the understanding that the notion of tradition covers only the elements of rural lifestyle. The author of this paper reflects critically on the cultural policy which is incompatible with the contemporary and modern cultural developments in the world. What is also not understood in Serbia is that identities are not fixed and given once and for all, but that they represent a matter of choice, construction and strategy. The paper is divided into three chapters: “Amarcord in the context of culture” (where culture is defined as a sociological phenomenon), “Yugoslav rock and roll community” (which considers the scope and contribution of Yu rock) and “Politically programmed oblivion”. The oblivion in this case is not incidental and episodic but a conscious and (it seems) a long-term orientation of the political establishment. Rock and roll, and above all that which bears the Yugoslav prefix, does not suit its ideological, absolutistic and populist matrix. In Serbia, little attention (primarily, by the media) is paid to the fact that rock musicians of this society have contributed immensely to the establishment of Yugoslav rock and roll scene, which therefore must not be forgotten. Rock and roll in this region was not a passing fashionable craze but a way of life which formed opinions, beliefs, behaviors, communication and the entire activity of the young generations at that point in time. Cultural traces of that way of life are still present and they deserve to be remembered and used as important for future life and connecting with the rest of the world. These facts are neglected due to the all-encompassing retraditionalization that has taken hold of the present Serbian society whose culture is positioned within the mythical reshaping of reality. This prevents Serbia from becoming a part of the modern world, and the revival of the remembrance of rock and roll would help Serbia to a great extent in the attempt to reach the enviable status that it once enjoyed on the global scale. In short, the culture of remembrance is hidden behind the non-culture of forgetting, with the reasons for this being not only aesthetic in nature but political and ideological as well. Rock and roll is undesirable to the current political establishment for at least two reasons: first, because it is Yugoslav (with a socialist connotation), and second, because it does not originate in Serbia but is “imported” from the West. When one adds the subversiveness, individualistic leanings and the critical intonations of rock and roll, then it is clear that nurturing the culture of its remembrance would be contrary to the values upon which the model of the current Serbian society is based.