Текстови објављени у часопису Култура на српском накнадно преведени на стране језике Архиве - Page 25 of 270

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MARKING THE FIGHTER’S DAY IN TITOVO UŽICE IN 1961

16. January 2019./in Changes, Phenomena, Yugoslavia and Culture - Cultural Policy /by Kcs21blAA

In the first post-WW2 years in the communist Yugoslavia, gradual abolishment of religious holidays started, diminishing the religious domain to the home and household members, and the church to its churchyard. Yugoslav legislation established new, federal republic and other holidays. Due to paper limitations, the manner of celebrating secular holidays will be reviewed on the example of the Fighter’s Day, which was announced federal holiday on April 26, 1956. Marking of the twentieth anniversary of the insurrection of the peoples of Yugoslavia will be viewed through three narratives: the first narrative (“a view from the outside”) consists of the data on celebrations of this holiday from the archives and press, while the second and the third narrative (“views from within”) consists of the data from interviews which the text author conducted in 2009 and 2010 with the producer and a participant of the celebration. Based on these data, the primordial event and its formal/structural characteristics and function of the subject holiday will be analysed.

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THE HOUSES OF YUGOSLAV CULTURE

16. January 2019./in Changes, Phenomena, Yugoslavia and Culture - Cultural Policy /by Kcs21blAA

This paper deals with the Houses of Culture in former Yugoslavia, which are anticipated as a reflection of concepts and goals of (new) Yugoslav culture, in the complex socio-political context of the Yugoslav socialist community. It builds on the assumption that a specific type of institution – House of Culture – was taken for a basic unit for developing infrastructural network for culture, and refined into specific, almost autochthone modalities. These modalities represent specific contributions within autochton type, considering its programme concept, its multiple socio-political functions and its aspirations to reflect particularities of the Yugoslav cultural project. Such a broadly set framework of Yugoslav culture opened up an equally wide interpretative field for architecture, through which the belonging to European (avant-garde) cultural space was emphasized. These works of architecture, whether just competition entries or actual buildings, have condensed the newly established social values through creative programme and visual researches of social realities and their reflections on the body of architecture. Various approaches of different authors, found between the two ends of the spectrum, the experiment and the social realm, have left behind some authentic layered works and designs, which are paradigmatic for understanding the relations of social realms, culture and architecture.

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DIALECTICS OF MEMORY AND LOGIC OF FORGETTING

16. January 2019./in Changes, Phenomena, Yugoslavia and Culture - Cultural Policy /by Kcs21blAA

Inspired by the experience of the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II, many cities of former Yugoslavia created the so-called children’s railways. These pioneer railways played multiple roles in the society at that time. Apart from the fact that their construction was ideologically motivated, another purpose of the pioneer railways in the post-war period was to provide a happy childhood to children. Also, the idea was for the young people to develop their orientation to technical professions from the early days, as well as admiration and respect for the railroad professions and traffic engineering in general. Although they did not last for long, analysis of the children’s railways can give us a picturesque insight into the ambitious cultural and educational policies of that time, the use of propaganda machinery to support the project, and in particular, it shows general social lethargy that has overcome the preservation and use of heritage. Specifically, the educational function of the pioneer railways was extremely emphasized, since they were intended to develop ethical values, the will for unselfish work for the community, and work discipline. This paper particularly case studies the reasons and origins of establishment, the duration and the factors for the disappearance of the Pioneer Railway in Košutnjak, Belgrade. In case of this particular railway, we actually do not have any doubts as to how such an ambitious educational vision happened to be overturned overnight – the answer to that is clear. Unfortunately, it did not become an unsustainable megalomaniacal project over time: it was like that from the very beginning. Also, the main question remains: Why did we allow lack of wider social care or in other words, how did we lose almost every memory of this educational vision?

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EMERGENCE OF TRAVEL AGENCIES IN YUGOSLAVIA AS DRIVERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRAVEL CULTURE

16. January 2019./in Changes, Phenomena, Yugoslavia and Culture - Cultural Policy /by Kcs21blAA

Although the idea of the creation of the first travel agency in Yugoslavia existed in the middle of the 19th century, it took more than sixty years to establish the first travel agency, Putnik, in Belgrade in 1923. Founding of a tourist agency initiated numerous trips, both domestic and foreign, to the places of former Yugoslavia. The most popular destinations in Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century were in southern Serbia, Slovenia and the Adriatic. During 1930, business operations of Putnik were marked by cruises and thematic exhibitions in Paris, London, Nice, as well as the opening of a large number of branches in different cities, in the country and abroad. Until the beginning of World War I, important events for the development of tourist travels in Yugoslavia occurred: printing of posters, brochures, promotions of destinations, opening of the Belgrade Fair, making of the first tourist film in colour. After World War II, which had a very negative effect on tourism in the whole world, including Yugoslavia, a period of the country’s restoration followed and a golden age of tourism in Yugoslavia started, which by the number of tourists, their overnight stays and tourism revenues have never been exceeded. The appearance of agency activity in Yugoslavia contributed to the creation of a travel culture that has had multiple benefits for both travellers and hosts, but also for the society as a whole.

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AVANT-GARDE AND CRITICAL REALISM

16. January 2019./in Changes, Phenomena, Yugoslavia and Culture - Cultural Policy /by Kcs21blAA

This paper deals with a re-reading of avant-garde and critical art practices that were emerging and developing in the interwar period in Yugoslavia, and their interrelations. Unlike dominant modernist art historical analyses that see a discontinuity and breakup with the avant-garde practices that pre-date it – in the “socialist art” of the fourth decade of the twentieth century – this research is trying to read the above mentioned art practices as a certain continuity and with organic coherence. Through a case study of artistic practices of Mirko Kujačić, the paper will show strong influences of Zenithism and Surrealism on the “socialist art”, defining it the art of “critical realism” (term by Lukács). It is stated that one can find avant-garde tendencies in the art of critical realism that take on different art methods and forms due to the changed socio-political circumstances, fast fascistization of the society and the proximity of war. In such political atmosphere, the avant-garde currents are reflected in the “temporal overlaps” of art and politics.

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INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC POLICIES ON THE CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS OF YUGOSLAVISM

16. January 2019./in Changes, Phenomena, Yugoslavia and Culture - Cultural Policy /by Kcs21blAA

With its insight into the political, sociological and cultural discourse of the Yugoslav praxis, this research has an objective to show how management of the cultural productions in the function of an ideological apparatus has depended on actual public and cultural policies. An analysis of the interconnection and “flow over” of the public policy, its organizational instigators and the symbolic equivalent of transposing the political reality through cultural productions/rallies will discover the similarities and differences in the concepts of managing ideological projects in different historic periods in Yugoslavia. The purpose of this research process (involving an empirical method of case study on the example of cultural festivity/rallies in the period of existence of both Yugoslavia states) is to describe the existing forms and methods of organizing state scenic spectacles i.e. to describe the general understanding of the phenomena and the levels of management of cultural productions in the function of public policies.