Текстови објављени у часопису Култура на српском накнадно преведени на стране језике Архиве - Page 152 of 270

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GLOBALIZATION AND TURKISH LITERATURE

27. July 2018./in Globalization and Literature /by Kcs21blAA

Globalization has become a synonym for a process of worldwide integration that arises from interchange of products, ideas and cultures. It affects every single part of the world and every single culture. There are two main processes qualified as results of globalization. The first one is unification of cultures under the primarily Western or American influence and the second one is affirmation of cultural differences. Throughout history, Turkish literature has been exposed to global cultural processes mainly as a part of the Islamic civilization. Globalization in our times has both positive and negative effects on Turkish literature. Due to the fact that Turkish is not a language spoken worldwide, for a long time Turkish literature has been unavailable to most of the world. However, globalization has increased interests for different and less known literatures and has supported translations and publishing Turkish authors. Globalization involves a certain “culture of freedom” that enables everybody to create their own identity and offer it to the world. Under this influence and thanks to their postmodern style Turkish authors have become more “global” and much more understandable for the rest of the world. Orhan Pamuk is the most global Turkish writer nowadays. But there are also other successful authors who write not only for Turkey but for the world such as Elif Şafak, Nedim Gürsel, Zülfü Livaneli, Serdar Özkan. It is obvious that Turkish literature has finally found its authentic response to the challenges of the globalized world literature.

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(POST)COLONIALISM IN (POST)COMMUNIST DISGUISE: LÁSZLÓ KRASZNAHORKAI’S THIRD JOURNEY TO CHINA

27. July 2018./in Globalization and Literature /by Kcs21blAA

Travelogues about the Far East are an important part in the work of the contemporary Hungarian writer László Krasznahorkai (1954), despite the fact that they went relatively unnoticed compared to the wide international recognition of his earlier books, especially his first two novels, Satantango (1985) and The Melancholy of Resistance (1989). This article deals with some cultural aspects of Krasznahorkai’s non-fictitious travelogue Destruction and Sorrow Underneath the Sky (2004) in which the author/narrator gives an account on his third journey to China undertaken in May 2002. He goes there with the presumption that China is the only country in the world where a productive symbiosis of the ancient cultural and spiritual heritage on one hand and the (post)modern way of life on the other is still possible. However, as the journey progresses, his disappointment grows bigger and bigger. He realizes that in today’s market and business-oriented China all the important historical sights (even the seemingly most hidden, once inapproachable Buddhist monasteries) have been ruthlessly turned into vulgar tourist-attractions. The vast majority of the interviewed subjects (mostly directors of major national cultural institutions) give irritatingly shallow and dogmatic answers to almost all the questions posed by the narrator. The only genuine and honest answers about their reparable and tragic gap between the traditional values of the ancient Chinese civilization and the contemporary westernized lifestyle based on consumerism and comfort, come from marginalized individuals without any influence on the society or the decision-makers. Stressing the importance of these marginalized voices seems to remain one of the greatest values of Krasznahorkai’s writing, along with the trademark of his earlier books – the extremely long sentences – which give his works a unique and inimitable pulsating rhythm.

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FRAGMENTS OF GLOBALIZATION AND LITERATURE

27. July 2018./in Globalization and Literature /by Kcs21blAA

In an attempt to reconsider the current position of the notion of globalization, the paper takes two different directions in observing globalization and its relation to culture and literature, from a literary and then an economic aspect. The often heard postulate that contemporary literature has assumed the features of a commodity taking part in market competition is tested by placing literature in some of the main globalization strategies from the point of view of economists. The inter-relation of literature and globalization determined by syntagms such as globalization of literature, global literature and literature of globalization is a globalization-fragmentary response to a complex issue of their inter-relations, which is by no means exhausted in this paper, just as neither globalization nor literature gives an impression of waning in transformation.

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EDITOR’S NOTE

27. July 2018./in Globalization and Literature /by Kcs21blAA

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SAINT CYRIL AND METHODIUS – MISSIONARIES AMONG SLAVIC PEOPLES

27. July 2018./in The 1150th Jubilee of the Saint Cyril and Methodius Mission /by Kcs21blAA

Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, two learned and educated Greek Byzantine brothers from Thessalonica, well experienced in missionary work, received an order by the Byzantine emperor Michael III to go to the Slav country of Great Moravia and spread the Christian faith in their native Slavic language. In this, the Byzantine ruler wanted to please the Moravian ruler Prince Rastislav who had requested such missionaries having probably heard that “all people from Thessalonica speak pure Slavic” and would therefore be fit to spread the word of Christ to his population in an understandable language for them, since his people could speak neither Greek nor Latin. So, the brothers set off on a long and uncertain journey at the end of 863 AD or beginning of 894 AD. They took along a number of their pupils who spoke the Slavic language and also some basic liturgical books translated into Slavic. Their stay in Great Moravia was hard and strenuous – the German priests they found there (Prince Rastislav’s state was under Roman church administration) were full of animosity towards the brothers: they often complained to the Pope about their missionary work, so that Cyril and Methodius even had to go to Rome to defend themselves against accusations of heresy. After many such troubles, Pope Hadrian II finally allowed holding liturgy in Slavic. Cyril soon died (869AD) and was buried in Rome in the Church of St Clement of Rome, while Methodius and his pupils returned to Great Moravia where Methodius became the archbishop of the Moravian diocese. Nevertheless, he and his pupils continued to be relentlessly persecuted by German priests. When Methodius died in 885 AD his pupils were forced to withdraw to the south of Great Moravia where the South Slavic peoples lived. The West Slavic peoples who were under the jurisdiction of the West Roman Church soon abandoned the liturgical practices in Slavic, disregard the use of Slavic alphabet and returned to the use of Latin, as before. The South Slavs, however, accepted the pupils of the two Thessalonica brothers along with the use of the Slavic language in liturgy and the Slavic alphabet, upholding to this day the great work and heritage of Cyril and Methodius.