/ 1968
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MYTHS COLOURED BY NOSTALGIA: HOLLYWOOD’S LOOK ON JOURNALISM

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The paper analyses representation of journalists and journalism in Hollywood films with additional focus on representation of ethical principles of journalism. Original premise in designing the research was that the products of popular culture, in this case films, are made in a particular social environment and as such they can tell us something about the wider socio-political context and the image of journalists and journalism in different historical periods. The goal was to investigate how journalists, journalism and media ethics were represented in the Hollywood film, beginning with the seventies and the rise of investigative journalism and ending with contemporary movies. In the analysis of ten films made between 1976 and 2015, the dominant appearance of positive representations of reporters was evident, and no change in the usage of this mechanism in various social circumstances over five decades was observed. Media ethics is consistently represented as a goal and a measure of professionalism, the responsibility of journalism as an institution is not questioned in films, and all violations of professional norms are individualized and consistently punished.

/ 1968
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THE REPRESENTATION OF HONG KONG AS A SUBJECT OF NOSTALGIA IN THE KAR-WAI’S TRILOGY

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Hong Kong is a city which has been amalgamating Eastern and Western cultures, and formed identity of its own multicultural structure. Hong Kong from colonial times until the transition in the 90’s, experienced a vicious cycle of capitalist-based economy and the ever increasing economic-social pressure of China. The phenomenon has affected the Hong Kong cinema’s reflection of the notion of dual identity and identity confusion in the postcolonial era. This identity confusion showed itself as a deep feeling of nostalgia in the works of Wong Kar-wai, a member of Hong Kong cinema. In Kar-wai’s films, Hong Kong is not just his individual reality but also a portrayal of the country’s history. His films present cultural and social transformations to the audience. In Kar-wai’s films, Hong Kong is a metaphor of these cultural artifacts, and additionally reflecting the existential anxiety of ambivalence and duality. His focus on themes such as love, deception, loneliness, disidentification and alienation is rising from the tension between Hong Kong, China, Britain, and Japan. Moving from the fact that a cinematic space reflects ideologies, political system and social relationship, this study aims to analyse Wong Kar-wai’s trilogy which includes Days of Being Wild (1990) In the Mood for Love (2000) and 2046 (2004) in a sociological perspective to understand the representation of Hong Kong’s colonial and diasporic identity – taking a Lefebvre framework which asserts that (social) space is organic, lively, and changeable and it is a social product, into consideration. The study is focused on the daily life of the film characters to understand their relationship with space.

/ 1968
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THE FINAL DAYS OF THE DUTCH PAINTER IN THE FILM LOVING VINCENT

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The fascinating work, life full of creative passion and the dramatic death of Vincent Van Gogh, have not only been a frequent topic of scientific papers, but have also sparked the imagination of a number of artists. In the art of film making alone, dozens of short and feature-length, documentary and live action films have been dedicated to the Dutch painter. In the film “Loving Vincent”, based on correspondence between the artist and his brother, the events that had preceded his tragic end have been interpreted in a way that arguably questions the viability of the official version of his death. At the same time, the “revival” of his canvases before the viewers’ eyes represents an attempt to interpret the way in which the painter had perceived the world. The aim of this paper is to examine these two interpretations.

/ 1968
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OSCAR WILDE IN THE UNITED STATES

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Towards the end of 1881, a young Irish aesthete named Oscar Wilde set sail for the New World on a quest for fame and fortune. Wilde’s one-year tour around North America had a defining effect on his growth into a late Victorian cultural icon. Within this brief time span, Wilde became famous for his fame rather than a specific achievement, which today makes him a pioneer of self-promotion and a forerunner of modern celebrity culture. This paper evokes Wilde’s tour as a decisive moment in which an ambitious artist adeptly manipulated the media space and imposed himself as a celebrity in the modern sense of the word – as a controversial figure of questionable merits who stands apart from the hegemonic middle-class values, but also as a person who is deeply ingrained in contemporary culture and therefore perceived as a relevant social commentator. The tour was set in the context of the tradition of literary lectures in the Unites States and the colonial need to preserve cultural ties with the motherland. Particular attention is paid to the late nineteenth-century commercial photography as a medium on the rise and an innovative promotional tool with growing impact in literary celebrity culture. Photography was recognized as the most efficient method of building a famous person’s iconography. In Wilde’s case, the works of Napoleon Sarony proved to be a perfect display of the new medium power.

/ 1968
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MANIPULATIONS MÉDIATIQUES DANS LA SPHÈRE ESTHÉTIQUE CONTEMPORAINE

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Le présent texte vise à comprendre les enjeux médiatiques les plus récents dans le domaine de l’art scénique et la façon dont ils repensent les possibilités d’atteinte de l’aire perceptuelle du spectateur. Pour ce faire, dans un premier temps, nous allons présenter quelques exemples où les technologies nouvelles modifient ou remettent en cause certains aspects culturelles, tel que l’éducation, mettant ainsi à mal les règles établies. Nous allons ensuite analyser l’installation scénique Stifters Dinge de Heiner Goebbels. Notre démarche sera de l’analyser selon une perspective intermédiale pour soutenir l’hypothèse pouvant être ainsi formulée : la création artistique Stifters Dinge manipule l’expérience esthétique du spectateur car elle repose sur un acte de communication médiatique et non sur un acte rhétorique. En outre, par l’utilisation de dispositifs audio-visuels, l’installation scénique développe un langage scénique spécifique reposant sur les illusions optiques, sur l’immersion, sur la mise en scène de machines complexes. Dans un deuxième temps, nous allons aborder le cadre conceptuel du paradigme communicatif dont l’application permettra à la fois une meilleure appréhension de la forme sous laquelle ce spectacle apparaît et une mise en perspective plus large du phénomène théorique dans lequel il s’inscrit. Dans cette section, nous nous appuierons essentiellement sur les ouvrages d’Yves Citton, de Jean-Marc Larrue, de Branko et Dejana Prnjat, de Rémy Rieffel et de Violeta Jelacic-Srbulj. L’hypothèse de travail présentée dans le cadre de cette seconde section suppose que cette forme artistique nouvelle, reliant les médias, le théâtre et les arts plastiques crée un nouveau modèle de la politique culturelle, basé sur une hybridation des technologies et de l’art.

/ 1968
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PRINCIPLES OF MEDIA INFLUENCE

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The concept of media influence involves use of certain types of communication in order to change the habits, behavior or beliefs of the people we are addressing. The development of new technologies and the mass media is much faster than the development of our ability to process the immense amount of information we encounter. Due to our cognitive constraints, the consequence of such accelerated development of the media is that we are less engaged in analyzing the given situation as a whole. The world we live in has become much more complex while our reactions are considerably simpler. The media are the ideal means to achieve the desired impact in such circumstances, and the basic tactic is very simple – it suffices to offer a carefully selected and limited quantity of information. In the modern age, for most people, only that which was published in the media happened (or that which is mediated by the language of the media). The semantic function of the media space has enabled a simple and effective implementation of many media influence techniques. The basic principles of influence help us make a quick decision in given circumstances, without much effort and with the expectation that such a decision will be right for us. Therefore, media influence is a necessary condition for social communication between social elites and citizens, in order to preserve social order and its stability. On the other hand, media influence is constantly misused in order to preserve social power and gain of the privileged minority which has access to the media. Therefore, understanding of the principles of media influence and the way in which they operate is a very important aspect of media literacy and life in contemporary society.

/ 1968
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CONSENSUS OF COMPETENT DISCUSSANTS – MEDIA INTERPRETATION OF THE TRUTH

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Starting from the linguistic-analytical philosophy which emphasizes the truth of “a consensus reached within the circle of competent panelists” in a certain context and a certain period of time, through a sort of a dialogue in which the sender of the message is not only willing to tell the truth but also to disprove the opposed statement, which indicates that there is no absolute but only partial truth, to a media interpretation that emphasizes the veracity of the message, reaching the truth as a standard of profession seems to be yet another unfulfilled ambition. Interpretation of reality which, together with the media spectacle, has fully occupied the leisure time of the media audiences, has expanded its offer of the media-shaped manipulative forms in a global environment. Although it seemed that the media performances which abolished dialogue would falter due to the Internet communication, it turned out that interaction became an illusion of dialogue without the opportunity of reaching the truth. The paper deals with the reexamination of the method of media interpretation of truth in the media-mediated reality of the society of spectacle and the civilization of the image in the entertainment and dream industry

/ 1968
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MEDIA AND INTERPRETATION OF REALITY

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The author analyzes the relationship between the media and interpretation of reality. It is stated that, in contemporary circumstances, priority among mechanisms of the pedagogy of real is given to the mass media. Pedagogy of real is interpreted as a kind of training for understanding different interpretations of the world and social relations as acts of revealing reality. The repositioning of media during this process is connected with development of industrial production.

/ 1968
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HOMELAND AND FOREIGN LAND: CHERRY TREE AND POETRY OF MILOŠ CRNJANSKI

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Miloš Crnjanski became familiar with the poetry of the East in Paris, towards the end of the 1920s, when he gathered material for his anthology of Chinese and Japanese poems. This was the moment when cherry blossom, not cherry fruit, entered his writings. While preparing and editing two collections of translated poetry Antologija kineske lirike (1923) and Pesme starog Japana (1928), he also wrote poems featuring the image of cherry blossom as an important symbolic topos. In his poems Sumatra (1920), Poslanica iz Pariza (1920), Povorka (1921), Serbia (1925) and Stražilovo (1921-1929) cherry trees appear to carry a particular symbolic message, especially the blossom. It creates a light, translucent, ethereal and often even mobile poetic image. This image blends the light and the dark, joy and sorrow, physical and metaphysical, life and death. The cherry tree consumed by fog creates an unusual picture in which everything simmers down in the arms of the nature. It may well be the very heart of the metaphysical, transcendental world of Miloš Crnjanski. The cherry entered his poetics from the East, from the lands he had never visited. At the same time, it created a real bond with his native Srem which he had left years before. It was connected to a real image of a foreign land, like Tuscany, where the poet was but a stranger. We can say that cherry blossom connects three spatial entities: the far-away homeland left behind by the poet; the foreign land where he lives as a stranger; and a distant landscape he had never visited.

/ 1968
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A NETWORKED AVANT-GARDE: SERBIAN, FRENCH AND SPANISH SURREALISTS

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The surrealist avant-garde movement has set the ideological and cultural globalization processes into the very heart of their individual and collective research, relentlesly erasing geopolitical as well as artistic, cultural, linguistic and psychological borders alike. The cooperation and exchange of ideas among French, Spanish and Serbian surrealists was rooted in their personal aquaintances and personalised contacts starting from the 1920s. From 1923 to 1928, a rich network of contacts was built, while the widest and most prolific communication took place from 1929 to 1932, during the years of publishing the almanach Nemoguće–L’impossible (1930) and the magazine Nadrealizam danas i ovde (1931-1932) (Surrealism here and today). Surrealist have fully used the mailing in order to internationalize their movement. In addition to letters and postcards, almost daily they exchanged telegrams and packages that arrived at their resident addresses – those dispersed throughout Europe, but also the ones found within quarters of the same cities. This intranet established along the lines of French/Spanish/Serbian cooperation, functionally removed Serbian surrealists from the geographical and cultural margines into a much wider net of communication that allowed a free flow of creative information, which altogether, whether coming from the centre or margines, offered equal participation in profiling globale contours of the surrealist avant-garde ideology.