/ 1968
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MATRILINEALITY IN RABBINIC JUDAISM

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This paper examines the origins of matrilineal principle in rabbinic Judaism and analyses the most important motives for this rabbinic practice. Despite the fact that marriage was recognized as a sensitive part of a private sphere, Ezra brought huge legal changes in Judea in the 5th century BC. He has excluded foreign wives from the corpus of Jewish people. There are still many dilemmas about the influence of the Roman legal system on Ezra, since it is clear that the matrilineal principle was introduced to Israelites at the time of Ezra. Orthodox Judaism still follows matrilineal descent. It holds that anyone with a Jewish mother also has irrevocable Jewish status; in other words, even if someone with a Jewish mother converts to another religion, that person is still considered Jewish by Jewish Law.

/ 1968
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PARADIGM OF PARTICIPATIVITY IN THE CONTEMPORARY MEDIA CONTEXT

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This paper contemplates the paradigm of participativity in the context of contemporary media, since an analysis of the modern media and information-communication context is necessary for acquiring a more wholesome insight into new paradigms of participativity and participative praxis. The papers gives a short overview of key notions, phenomena and processes significant to the context of digital media: convergence and digitalization of the media, multitasking, media as participants in creating messages, expansion of social media. Also, the paper points to certain similarities and differences between participative practices before and after the Internet, to the influence of information-communication technologies on the media, and especially on a possibility as a unique feature of the modern media context: the possibility to use digital technologies and the media to include and engage in the media and technology sphere, in an autonomous way, lead by our own individual interests. The media which enable participation of the users and create possibilities for nurturing and development of participative culture, are donominated in this paper as participatory media. Basic notions of their key characteristics are given, of significance to the subject of this paper.

/ 1968
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DURKHEIM’S USE OF THE TERM CULTURE

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Using the method of content analysis, in our work we offered a concise insight into the use of the term “culture” in the work of Emile Durkheim. Bearing in mind that the heritage of enlightenment can be perceived in Durkheim’s work, but indirectly the traditions of Romanticism as well, we consider the issue of using this term an important one. The specter of meanings associated with the notion of “culture” makes it suitable for use as a kind of indicator. Much like the Rorschach stains, very different meanings can be loaded into it. Findings show that Durkheim did not use the word “culture” very often, considering the volume of his work. He most often connected it with the scientific, intellectual, logical, etc. We paid special attention to his most important works (The Division of Labor in Society, Rules of Sociological Method, Suicide and the Elementary Forms of the Religious Life). Other works are covered by a quantitative analysis of the use of the word “culture” in which we tried to find the most frequent attributes that appear alongside the aforementioned term. The analysis covers most of Durkheim’s opus published during and after his life.

/ 1968
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DIFFERENCE IN SERENITY

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Two stories have been studied using a comparative method: Death in Venice by Thomas Mann and Byron in Sintra by Ivо Andrić. Connection in the poetics of these two authors is found by pointing out similar motifs and processing them. Comparison is achieved at four different levels: the treatment of cities in these stories; the treatment of artists as heroes of narratives; the form of beauty and love which they seek; and the different action of beauty and love for them. The actions of the protagonists provoke general moral issues. At the same time, the theme of love connects and separates these stories. Special attention is devoted to defining differences in the serenity of the narratives.

/ 1968
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IMPACT OF INITIAL EDUCATION ON THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENECES OF TEACHERS – ARTISTS AND ARTISTS-TEACHERS IN TEACHING ARTS

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Starting from different curriculums of art faculties and teaching colleges, as well as the competences future teachers gain in their study programs, the impact of various factors is analysed, like the impact of initial education on the level of creativity of teaching and divergent creative thinking or artistic/form-related aspects seen in drawings etc. Established facts are then correlated to the competences of teachers/artists (artists who teach art in schools) and teachers/non-artists (teachers of other subjects) for the realization of teaching and educational objectives, tasks and contents of arts as a primary school subject, as well as to the possible consequences on the creative development of pupils. Research was carried out on a sample of three hundred and thirty-two (332) teachers from thirteen (13) Serbian cities. Characteristics of creative, divergent thinking were monitored based on indicators taken from a standardized research instrument called Modified Creative Williams Test (Tunik 2005), while for the monitoring of artistic and form-related aspects of drawings, a special instrument was created. Based on differences which appear in characteristics of the artistic expression and depending on the initial art education i.e. art pedagogy, statistically significant differences were identified between these two populations, pointing to the need to establish new hypothesis, especially by further researching competences of teaching staff in fulfilling primary objectives of Arts as a teaching subject, and especially researching their impact on creative development of primary school pupils as well as initial education and gaining competences for teaching specific subjects like art.

/ 1968
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MOVEMENT AS A STATE OF SHAPE

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As primary material in sculpture, clay is not only significant but is also considered constant and archetypal. During my research I have sought opportunities that clay provides with movements in all directions, for a study of the human body. The infinity of human body movements and the infinite possibilities of clay, inspire me to create drawings which can be seen on the walls of my studio. I also draw on the simulacrum of wall surfaces which I plaster, glue, cover and combine, using clay interactively with the drawings. Later the clay goes to air-firing and highly sintered clay gets red as well as the drawings, so that this monochrome corresponds to my research approach. For an optimal expression of certain forms, it is very important to know the properties of the material and its capacities in terms of my research work. Clay is suitable for use in civil engineering, ceramics industry and sintering processes. A large number of small figures which I made were always capturing a different movement. Some of them were subject to duplication and repetition and most importantly, all these moving figures were influenced by the fact that they were part of my presentation/exhibition. Figures were presented on a square surface, (2x2m) in horizontal position. There were 500 figures displayed on the surface, placed closely next to each other. In the fourth year of my undergraduate studies, this art piece received an award of the “Stanišić” Foundry.

/ 1968
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THE MEDIEVAL HERITAGE OF JAPAN AND BYZANTIUM IN SERBIAN LITERATURE OF DIGITAL MODERNISM

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The basic hypothesis of this research belongs to the field of interdisciplinary studies of Serbian literature, especially of the changes in literary paradigms, formed on the boundary of interactions between Slavic and non-Slavic literatures, which reached significant dynamics in the unifying perspectives of the new media. The main assumption of this analysis concerns the relationship between the elements of medieval Byzantine and Japanese literary heritage in the context of the development of Serbian literature with certain elements of digital modernism.

/ 1968
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ON THE BUDDIST CONCEPT OF THE WORLDLY IMPERMANENCE AS MANIFESTED IN THE MEDIEVAL WORK HOJOKI IN COMPARISON TO OLD SERBIAN LITERATURE

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The issue of impermanence of this worldly existence, not only in humans but shared by all sentient beings, had been, both as a theme and a motive, ubiquitously present in the medieval literature of both Serbia and Japan. Although very different by almost all formal literary criteria, both of them have in common an inherent inclination to the care of the metaphysical status of this world and all its creatures. A seriousness in their relation to the transcendental is the main trait by which their heritage differs from the literature of their respective countries today. That is the very reason why they can be treated in the same dialogical context. Contemporary conscience with its belief that nothing is left to say about the evanescence of the world, gave up this issue to be further dealt with only according to individual needs and randomly. But, both Serbian Christian and Japanese Buddhist medieval mind tended to put this problem right in the middle of almost every literary text. Far from only deploring the transient human fate, people are encouraged to foster everlasting memories of death, just to be able to get saved – either by returning to God, or in Japan, by being reborn in the Buddhist paradise of the Pure Land. Yet, there are some significant differences in the way impermanence is treated in these two traditions. This paper tries to elucidate how these differences were rooted in their respective literary and religious praxis.

/ 1968
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THE POETRY OF MONASTICISM(S)

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Reaching out to distant Japanese culture, in an attempt to bring it into correlation with Serbian medieval tradition, a comparison is made of The Tale of Saigyo – a story by an unknown author about one of the legendary poets of the ancient Japanese literature from the 13th century, with several motifs from our haghiographies by Domentian and Theodosios. The poet-monk Saigyo is compared with Saint Sava, as a writer, as well as with Peter of Korisha, as an ascete. Special attention is paid to the motif of departure from this world, which is simultaneously an entry into the world of literary creation, as the writer-monk also appears as a literary character in later writings.

/ 1968
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INTERPRETATIONS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF SABBATAI ZEVI AND THE CRYPTO-JEWISH DÖNMEH COMMUNITY IN THE BALKANS

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The main objective of this paper is to analyze historical sources and records, articles and books regarding Sabbatai Zevi’s life – a Sephardic Rabbi born in Smyrna (present-day Turkey) to a family of Romaniote Jews from Patras, and (more precisely) his political and social activities in the Balkans, in Thessaloniki (present-day Greece) and Ulcinj (present-day Montenegro). The analytical focus of this paper is directed at the description of Zevi’s activities in Thessaloniki (1651-1658), and the circumstances of forming a local crypto-Jewish group Dönmeh and their cultural legacy. Particularly interesting are the last three years of his life in Ulcinj, where he was banished in 1673 by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed IV. Sabbatai Zevi died in Ulcinj in 1676, where he was likely buried. The aim of the paper is to additionally explain all religious and dogmatic dichotomies and denominations within the Dönmeh community and the reasons for their emergence.