/ 1968

CULTURAL NOMADISM AS A DEFENSE OF HETEROGENEITY

One of the important issues addressed in post-colonial studies is the antagonism that exists between the cultures of colonizers and indigenous peoples, i.e. the antagonism that divides the “worlds” into the civilized and the savage, developed and backwards, sophisticated and primitive, rich and poor, and so on. Focusing on the post-colonial deconstruction of these binary oppositions imposed by Western culture, the text explores how such discourses have left the dominant structures untouchable, and have almost reified the otherness of “subordinates”. On the other hand, the text shows how cultural nomadism, which is not concerned with the origin but the destination and the becoming, potentially creates a new heterogeneous culture. Through nomadic strategies, stable and conventional cultural codes are modified and inserted into new contexts – assemblages, producing an alternative space and time, as well as a multiplicity of meanings within the closed circles. Furthermore, the essay explores how the post-colonial deconstruction can be applied to the visual arts of the last few decades. In parallel to the new world division, destabilisation of the center, globalization and, finally, fragmentation of identity, changes have occurred in the visual arts as well, in terms of some new artwork organization and production models. With the specific way of functioning, nomadic artists give a new paradigm for alternative culture that respects cultural diversity without hegemonies, superiors and subordinates.

/ 1968

INTERFUSION OF FASHION AND ART AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURIES

With the pop culture which penetrated all aspects of human life in the sixties and the rapid development of new media and technology, social sciences, fine arts and related disciplines in the field of applied and performing arts have entered a period of exceeding boundaries and abandoning earlier paradigms of knowledge. Arts opportunities are expanded, leading to interaction and combination of codes and media, different cultures and modern design. Liberation of old forms and introduction of new practices in creating fragmented hybrids in which culture and art disciplines communicate globally produce a fusion of the heterogeneous and the homogeneous. Globalization, conceived as a process of social and cultural integration of different cultural values, has nowadays become the basic structural feature of the re-configuration of cultural patterns. Contemporary artists are searching for a different creative practice and they are more inclined to multi-disciplinary contents. Interfusion of artistic disciplines opens interactive options that encourage experimenting in all areas of cultural production, stimulated by development of new technologies featuring new ideas through the communication of motion pictures. In the field of fashion design these changes in approach inspire fashion designers to re-evaluate the role of clothing, which should contribute to finding alternative practices. The relationship between fashion and art begins to emerge as a field of theoretical debate in which the fashion scholars explore the intersection and the relationship between these disciplines while questioning the former division. By drawing parallels and taking inspiration and techniques from a variety of artistic disciplines, fashion designers examine new communication contexts and transcend traditional categorization of art disciplines, raising new questions about the work of art and about the function and use of clothing. The once clearly set boundaries of artistic disciplines have already been blurred and a new generation of artists is expressing itself through conceptual approach and by symbolic interpretations while moving away from industrial capitalism and entering trans-modern globalism.

/ 1968

GLOBAL FASHION – FASHION WITHOUT BORDERS: SAVAGE BEAUTY OF ALEXANDER MCQUEEN

Today’s democratic society is characterized by neo-liberalism, globalization and multiculturalism. Is this society really free and open as it presents itself, or can we still find there western centrism – and hence the Other – but in а veiled form? In this ‘liberal’ society and its globalization, fashion is also globalized. But can we call this fashion, such as fashion lines of Alexander McQueen, ‘global’, and if we can, how is it expressed? Is this fashion ‘a fashion without borders’ – an amalgam of equally mixed world fashions, or is it something else? Who decides what fashion is going to be declared global and enter the global archive? Historically, arts and applied arts including fashion, have always spoken from the context of their culture, society, political discourse etc and have consciously or unconsciously always played an active role in constructing and maintaining social order and values. So, global fashion also has a role in maintaining the system it works in – the neoliberal order.

/ 1968

SERBIAN PUBLIC, JAPANESE ANIME, FILMS AND COMICS

In Serbia, appearance of the first anime concurred with their appearance in the rest of Europe. However, reception of the Japanese popular culture was dramatically slower due to the long time Serbia had spent in isolation and under sanctions. Unfortunate regressive consequences of this isolation have even affected reading habits. With the closure of this dark period, Serbian public was left alone and forced to fight for its preferences. Today, the situation is much better since new generations have the opportunity to learn about the Japanese popular culture thanks to growing internet and the work of Sakurabana Association and other individuals. Young people show great interest in Japanese comics since the nature of this media is to convey massages in a very easy and efficient manner. Fact is that there is already a considerable number of people in Serbia who share their love for the Japanese popular culture, which promises even wider acceptance and a growing audience.

/ 1968

VISUAL FRAMING OF RED MARTYRS: SOVIET AND YUGOSLAV PARTISAN PROPAGANDA COMPARED

This paper compares the Soviet propaganda of the Second World War with that of Yugoslavia, focusing on the visual image of partisan martyrs. As for the wartime communist propaganda in Yugoslavia, since Yugoslav Partisans were an ill-equipped resistance movement, it had only restricted resources and networks for agitation. Yet it does not mean that the wartime mobilization of Yugoslav Partisan movement was an ephemeral one, because the method of agitation did not radically change in socialist Yugoslavia. While nations involved in the Second World War tended to organize massive propaganda (especially through visual representations such as films, newsreels, posters, paintings and pictorial magazines), Yugoslav Partisans could not afford to conduct such large-scale propaganda. In addition to the Theater of People’s Liberation, a performer’s group which played a significant role in the newly liberated territory, memorization through a photographic image exerted significant agitating effect in the Yugoslav Partisan propaganda.

/ 1968

MATSUO BASHO: THE NARROW ROAD TO THE DEEP NORTH

The Serbian edition of The Narrow Road to Deep North (Uske staze ka Dalekom severu) by Matsuo Basho has a specific feature – the illustrations by Yosa Buson, the greatest haiku poet in the history of this poetry next to Matsuo Basho. He used to be a popular painter. As a great admirer of Basho’s work, he has made a dozen versions of illustrations for his Narrow Road, out of which one screen wall and two scralls remained. This book shows all fourteen pictures and one drawing (Stone Pillar Cubo) from the scrall dating back to 1779. Such a concept of Basho travels is novel even to Japan. The Narrow Road to the Deep North is said to be the most read piece of classical Japanese literature. For many Japanese it is a cult book. What is it about this Basho work written in the 17th century that attracts so the Japanese people living in the 21st century? Is it the free spirit of an eternal traveller liberated from everyday constraints? Or is it the author’s sincere, almost naive, relation to history which is sometimes welcome in the uncertain world we live in? Or, maybe, his infinite philantropy that radiates from every page of the book? In all probability it is a bit of everything.

/ 1968

LANGUAGE AND IDEOLOGY

This paper deals with the connections established between language and ideology. Ideology forms (produces) signifying structures by which it defines domains of a subject’s actions. The subject takes on the role of an ideology signifier, interpellating itself into the given ideological order. Also, ideology forms structures of a subject’s understanding by having previously interpellated them with the signifying praxis. In this manner, ideology establishes forms through which it conceives and explains the understanding of reality. Reality is then explained by adequate recognizable schemes which are defined by cultural tradition. Furthermore we will notice that every ideological center of power (e.g. regarding social groups which strive to achieve certain goals) forms a specific discourse to assert belonging to a certain sphere of interest. Each interest group speaks in a certain way. The paper ends with an analisys of the problem of symbolic domination as a cultural (signifying) hegemony which one group exerts over another.

/ 1968

GLOBALIZATION, IDENTITY, COMMODITY: THE CASE OF STINKY ONION (TAMARA JECIĆ) AND THE PENULTIMATE JOURNEY (GORDANA ĆIRJANIĆ)

This paper discusses the issue of identity formation focusing on the transformative potential of hybridity, in two contemporary Serbian novels: Gordana Ćirjanić’s The Penultimate Journey (Pretposlednje putovanje, 2001) and Tamara Jecić’s Stinky Onion (Stinky Onion, 2009). The novels relate the stories of displacement of two Serbian migrants at the end of the 20th century. In their difficult endeavor to localize themselves in an increasingly globalized world, the protagonists negotiate their identities through computer-mediated communication and consumerist societies. Their identity formation is analyzed through a hybridity paradigm, which, as proposed by the postcolonial theoretician Homi Bhabha, has the potential to challenge the dominant mechanisms of the construction of meaning allowing for the emergence of new meanings and identities.

/ 1968

OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR: ON THE NATURE OF FICTIONAL RETURNS TO THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

The aim of this paper is to explore the recent boom of neo-Victorian narratives in today’s literary and mass culture production and to analyse the nature of these fictional returns to the nineteenth century. The paper comments on the global nature of the trend, which seems to transcend the British context and resonate within the wider postmodern cultural framework. The approaches taken by neo-Victorian texts have been very diverse, as have critical reactions to them, ranging from revisionary narratives seeking to unearth marginal voices previously absent from the Victorian text to playful reinventions of well-known figures or tropes highlighting their own artificiality. What most of them share is the desire to revisit and reassess the predominant notions of the Victorian held today and to investigate the potential investment of contemporary cultural discourse in the continuation or discontinuation of such representations.